1、保(bao)(bao)證汽(qi)(qi)車(che)平穩(wen)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu) 這(zhe)是離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)首要功能。在汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)前(qian),自然(ran)(ran)(ran)要先起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)。而汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)時(shi),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)是從(cong)(cong)完全靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)狀態(tai)逐步(bu)加速(su)(su)的(de)(de)。如(ru)果傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(它聯(lian)系著整個汽(qi)(qi)車(che))與(yu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)剛性(xing)地聯(lian)系,則變(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一掛(gua)上(shang)檔(dang),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)將(jiang)突然(ran)(ran)(ran)向前(qian)沖一下,但并(bing)不能起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)。這(zhe)是因為汽(qi)(qi)車(che)從(cong)(cong)靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)(dao)前(qian)沖時(shi),產生很(hen)大慣性(xing)力(li),對(dui)(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)造成很(hen)大地阻力(li)矩(ju)。在這(zhe)慣性(xing)阻力(li)矩(ju)作用下,發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在瞬時(shi)間(jian)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)急劇下降到(dao)(dao)最低(di)穩(wen)定轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)(一般300-500RPM)以(yi)(yi)下,發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)(ji)熄火而不能工作,當然(ran)(ran)(ran)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)也不能起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)。 因此,我們就需(xu)要離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)幫助了。在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)之(zhi)前(qian),駕(jia)駛員先踩下離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)踏板(ban),將(jiang)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分離(li),使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)系脫開(kai),再(zai)將(jiang)變(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)掛(gua)上(shang)檔(dang),然(ran)(ran)(ran)后逐漸(jian)松開(kai)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)踏板(ban),使離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)逐漸(jian)接合(he)。在接合(he)過程中,發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)所受阻力(li)矩(ju)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)大,故應(ying)同時(shi)逐漸(jian)踩下加速(su)(su)踏板(ban),即(ji)(ji)逐步(bu)增(zeng)加對(dui)(dui)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)燃料(liao)供(gong)給量,使發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)始終保(bao)(bao)持在最低(di)穩(wen)定轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)上(shang),而不致熄火。同時(shi),由于(yu)離(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)接合(he)緊密(mi)程度逐漸(jian)增(zeng)大,發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)經(jing)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)系傳給驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輪(lun)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)便(bian)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)加,到(dao)(dao)牽引力(li)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)克(ke)服起(qi)(qi)(qi)步(bu)阻力(li)時(shi),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)即(ji)(ji)從(cong)(cong)靜(jing)止(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)始運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)并(bing)逐步(bu)加速(su)(su)
2、保證傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系換(huan)檔時(shi)(shi)工作(zuo)平順 2:實現(xian)平順的換(huan)檔 在汽車行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)過程(cheng)中,為適應不斷變(bian)化的行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)條件(jian),傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系經常要更(geng)換(huan)不同(tong)檔位工作(zuo)。實現(xian)齒(chi)輪式(shi)變(bian)速(su)器(qi)的換(huan)檔,一般是撥動(dong)(dong)(dong)齒(chi)輪或(huo)其(qi)他掛檔機構,使原用檔位的某一齒(chi)輪副(fu)推出傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong),再使另一檔位的齒(chi)輪副(fu)進入工作(zuo)。在換(huan)檔前必(bi)須踩下(xia)離合(he)(he)器(qi)踏板,中斷動(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong),便于使原檔位的嚙(nie)合(he)(he)副(fu)脫開,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)使新檔位嚙(nie)合(he)(he)副(fu)的嚙(nie)合(he)(he)部位的速(su)度逐步(bu)趨向(xiang)同(tong)步(bu),這樣進入嚙(nie)合(he)(he)時(shi)(shi)的沖(chong)擊可以(yi)大大的減小,實現(xian)平順的換(huan)檔。
3、防止傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系過載(zai)(zai) 當汽車進行緊急(ji)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時,若沒有(you)(you)離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),則(ze)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將(jiang)因(yin)和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系剛性連接而(er)(er)急(ji)劇降低轉速,因(yin)而(er)(er)其(qi)中所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件(jian)(jian)將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性力(li)(li)矩(其(qi)數值可能(neng)(neng)大(da)大(da)超過發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)正常(chang)工作時所(suo)(suo)發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)扭距),對(dui)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系造(zao)成超過其(qi)承(cheng)載(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)載(zai)(zai)荷,而(er)(er)使(shi)機(ji)件(jian)(jian)損壞。有(you)(you)了離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),便可以依靠離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部分(fen)和從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部分(fen)之間可能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)以消除這一危險(xian)。因(yin)此,我們需要(yao)離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來限(xian)制(zhi)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系所(suo)(suo)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)扭距,保證安全。 離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可分(fen)為:摩擦離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),或(huo)是(shi)(shi)利用液體作為傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質(即(ji)液力(li)(li)偶(ou)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)),或(huo)是(shi)(shi)利用磁力(li)(li)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(即(ji)電磁離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)}
離合器撥叉是汽車變速箱的一部分,屬于變速箱附件,主要用于離合器換擋。與變速手柄連接,位于手柄下端,撥動中間變速輪改變輸入輸出速比。撥叉一般是指手動變速箱的汽車,位于變速箱和發動機之間的離合器系統中。
踏板通過傳動系統將力傳遞給撥叉,撥叉推動分離軸承壓下離合器壓盤,將發動機和變速箱之間的動力傳遞分離。離合器接合時,踏板處于最高位置,分離桿和分離軸承之間有間隙δ。壓盤在壓緊彈簧的作用下壓緊從動盤,發動機的扭矩通過飛輪和壓盤傳遞到從動盤,再傳遞到變速器的第一軸。
離合器傳遞的最大扭矩取決于從動盤摩擦面的最大靜摩擦力。它與摩擦表面之間的壓力、摩擦面積和摩擦材料的性能有關。對于具有一定結構的離合器,其最大靜摩擦力是一個固定值。如果傳動系統傳遞的扭矩超過這個固定值,離合器就會打滑,從而起到過載保護的作用。
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