1、保(bao)證汽(qi)(qi)車(che)平穩起(qi)(qi)步(bu) 這(zhe)是離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)首要功能。在(zai)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)前(qian),自(zi)然要先起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。而(er)(er)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)時(shi)(shi),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)是從(cong)完全靜(jing)止(zhi)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)逐(zhu)步(bu)加速(su)(su)的(de)。如(ru)果傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(它(ta)聯系著整個(ge)汽(qi)(qi)車(che))與發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)剛性地(di)聯系,則(ze)變(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)掛(gua)(gua)上檔,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)將突然向前(qian)沖(chong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),但并不(bu)能起(qi)(qi)步(bu)。這(zhe)是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)從(cong)靜(jing)止(zhi)到前(qian)沖(chong)時(shi)(shi),產生很大慣(guan)性力(li),對(dui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)造成很大地(di)阻(zu)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)。在(zai)這(zhe)慣(guan)性阻(zu)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)作用下(xia)(xia)(xia),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)急(ji)劇下(xia)(xia)(xia)降(jiang)到最低(di)穩定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)般300-500RPM)以下(xia)(xia)(xia),發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)即(ji)熄(xi)火而(er)(er)不(bu)能工(gong)作,當然汽(qi)(qi)車(che)也(ye)不(bu)能起(qi)(qi)步(bu)。 因(yin)(yin)此,我們(men)就需要離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)幫(bang)助了。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后,汽(qi)(qi)車(che)起(qi)(qi)步(bu)之前(qian),駕駛員先踩(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)踏板,將離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分離(li),使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系脫開,再將變(bian)速(su)(su)器(qi)(qi)(qi)掛(gua)(gua)上檔,然后逐(zhu)漸(jian)松開離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)踏板,使離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)接(jie)合(he)(he)。在(zai)接(jie)合(he)(he)過(guo)程中,發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所受阻(zu)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增大,故應(ying)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)逐(zhu)漸(jian)踩(cai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)加速(su)(su)踏板,即(ji)逐(zhu)步(bu)增加對(dui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)燃料供給(gei)量,使發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)始(shi)終保(bao)持(chi)在(zai)最低(di)穩定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)上,而(er)(er)不(bu)致熄(xi)火。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),由于(yu)離(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)接(jie)合(he)(he)緊密程度(du)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增大,發(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)經傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系傳給(gei)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輪的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)便逐(zhu)漸(jian)增加,到牽引(yin)力(li)足以克服起(qi)(qi)步(bu)阻(zu)力(li)時(shi)(shi),汽(qi)(qi)車(che)即(ji)從(cong)靜(jing)止(zhi)開始(shi)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)并逐(zhu)步(bu)加速(su)(su)
2、保證傳動系換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)時工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)平(ping)順(shun) 2:實(shi)(shi)現平(ping)順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang) 在汽車行(xing)駛(shi)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong),為適應不斷變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)駛(shi)條件,傳動系經常要(yao)更換(huan)不同檔(dang)(dang)位工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。實(shi)(shi)現齒(chi)輪(lun)式變(bian)速(su)器的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang),一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)撥(bo)動齒(chi)輪(lun)或(huo)其他掛檔(dang)(dang)機構,使(shi)原用檔(dang)(dang)位的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)推出傳動,再使(shi)另一(yi)(yi)檔(dang)(dang)位的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)副(fu)進(jin)入工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。在換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)前必須踩下離合(he)器踏(ta)板,中(zhong)斷動力傳動,便于(yu)使(shi)原檔(dang)(dang)位的(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)副(fu)脫開,同時使(shi)新檔(dang)(dang)位嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)部位的(de)(de)(de)速(su)度逐步趨向同步,這(zhe)樣進(jin)入嚙(nie)(nie)合(he)時的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)可以大大的(de)(de)(de)減(jian)小,實(shi)(shi)現平(ping)順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)換(huan)檔(dang)(dang)。
3、防止(zhi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)過載 當(dang)汽(qi)車進行緊(jin)急制動(dong)(dong)時,若沒(mei)有(you)離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi),則發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機將(jiang)因(yin)(yin)和(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)剛性(xing)連(lian)接而(er)(er)急劇降低(di)轉速,因(yin)(yin)而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)中所有(you)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)件將(jiang)產生很大的(de)(de)慣性(xing)力矩(ju)(其(qi)(qi)數(shu)值可能大大超過發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機正常工作時所發(fa)(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)最大扭距),對傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)造成(cheng)超過其(qi)(qi)承載能力的(de)(de)載荷,而(er)(er)使(shi)機件損(sun)壞(huai)。有(you)了離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi),便可以依靠離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)部分(fen)和(he)從動(dong)(dong)部分(fen)之間可能產生的(de)(de)相對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)以消除這一危險(xian)。因(yin)(yin)此,我們(men)需要離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)來限制傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)所承受(shou)的(de)(de)最大扭距,保證安全。 離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)可分(fen)為(wei):摩(mo)擦離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi),或(huo)是利用液體作為(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)介(jie)質(即液力偶合(he)器(qi)(qi)),或(huo)是利用磁力傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(即電磁離(li)(li)合(he)器(qi)(qi)}
離合器撥叉是汽車變速箱的一部分,屬于變速箱附件,主要用于離合器換擋。與變速手柄連接,位于手柄下端,撥動中間變速輪改變輸入輸出速比。撥叉一般是指手動變速箱的汽車,位于變速箱和發動機之間的離合器系統中。
踏板通過傳動系統將力傳遞給撥叉,撥叉推動分離軸承壓下離合器壓盤,將發動機和變速箱之間的動力傳遞分離。離合器接合時,踏板處于最高位置,分離桿和分離軸承之間有間隙δ。壓盤在壓緊彈簧的作用下壓緊從動盤,發動機的扭矩通過飛輪和壓盤傳遞到從動盤,再傳遞到變速器的第一軸。
離合器傳遞的最大扭矩取決于從動盤摩擦面的最大靜摩擦力。它與摩擦表面之間的壓力、摩擦面積和摩擦材料的性能有關。對于具有一定結構的離合器,其最大靜摩擦力是一個固定值。如果傳動系統傳遞的扭矩超過這個固定值,離合器就會打滑,從而起到過載保護的作用。
拓陸者(zhe)是福田(tian)汽車基于全新國際(ji)平臺開發的(de)第(di)六代高端皮卡,這款車不(bu)僅擁有皮卡的(de)高承載性(xing)、功(gong)能實用(yong)性(xing)和(he)耐用(yong)性(xing),還兼具轎(jiao)車的(de)駕乘(cheng)舒適性(xing)與操控性(xing)
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